Vaginal cancer may not be as commonly discussed as other cancers, but it is just as important to recognise and address. It affects the tissues of the vagina and, if left untreated, can spread to nearby organs. While this type of cancer is rare, early diagnosis can lead to effective recovery and long-term wellness.
In this blog, let us explore the signs, types, causes, and available vaginal cancer treatment options. Let us also look at survival rates and when it's time to consult a specialist.
Understanding Vaginal Cancer
Vaginal cancer is a rare cancer arising from the cells lining the vagina—the muscular tube that connects the cervix to the external genitals. It mostly affects women over the age of 60 but can occur earlier as well.
While uncommon, this condition should not be ignored. A small growth or vaginal cancer lump may not seem alarming at first, but it's often an early signal of a deeper problem. If detected in its early stages, treatment can be highly effective.
Most cases start in the vaginal lining (epithelium), and depending on the type of cell involved, the condition can behave differently.
Types of Vaginal Cancer
There are a number of different types of vaginal cancer, depending on the kind of cell where the cancer begins. Knowing the type is important, as it determines how the cancer grows and responds to treatment.
Here are the most common types:
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma: It is the most commonly diagnosed vaginal cancer type. It starts from the thin, flat cells lining the vagina, growing slowly and often staying localised for a while.
- Adenocarcinoma: It begins in the glandular cells in the vaginal lining that produce mucus. This type of vaginal cancer is more likely to spread to other parts of the body.
- Melanoma: It is rare, but can be identified by the pigment-producing cells of the vagina. It can be aggressive.
- Sarcoma: It originates from the connective tissues or muscles of the vaginal walls. It is rare as well, but may also affect younger women.
Common Vaginal Cancer Signs and Symptoms
Recognising the early vaginal cancer signs can be life-saving. While symptoms may not always appear in the early stages, being aware of the following warning signs can help catch the disease early:
- Unusual vaginal bleeding (especially after menopause or between periods)
- Watery or foul-smelling vaginal discharge
- Pain during intercourse
- A noticeable vaginal cancer lump or mass inside the vaginal area
- Frequent pelvic pain or discomfort
- Persistent itching, burning, or irritation
Causes of Vaginal Cancer
There isn’t always a single reason behind the development of vaginal cancer, but several risk factors can increase a woman’s chances of developing it. Understanding the causes of vaginal cancer can help in identifying risks early and taking preventive steps.
Here are the key contributors:
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection: A major cause of both vaginal and cervical cancers.
- Smoking: Weakens the immune system and increases the risk of cell damage.
- Age: Women over 60 are more likely to be diagnosed with vaginal cancer.
- Cervical Cell Abnormalities: A history of cervical cancer or precancerous cervical cells raises the risk.
- Diethylstilbestrol (DES) Exposure: This drug, used during pregnancy in the mid-20th century, can raise cancer risk for daughters exposed in utero.
- Weakened Immune System: Chronic conditions or immune-suppressing medications can reduce the body’s ability to fight abnormal cell changes.
Diagnosis of Vaginal Cancer
Timely and accurate diagnosis plays a critical role in managing vaginal cancer. When symptoms persist, a thorough examination by a specialist becomes necessary. In Faridabad, consulting a vaginal cancer doctor in Faridabad can help confirm or rule out any serious concerns.
Here are the common diagnostic steps:
- Pelvic examination: A routine exam can help spot unusual changes in vaginal tissues.
- Pap smear: While typically used for cervical cancer, it may pick up abnormal vaginal cells.
- Biopsy: A small tissue sample is taken for detailed lab analysis.
- Imaging tests: MRI, CT, or PET scans help determine how far the cancer has spread.
If you experience any concerning symptoms, it’s important to speak with the best gynaecologist in Faridabad. Early diagnosis can drastically improve outcomes and reduce the need for aggressive treatments.
Treatment Options for Vaginal Cancer
Once diagnosed, the path forward depends on the stage, type, and overall health of the patient. Fortunately, modern medicine offers multiple effective vaginal cancer treatment options.
Here are the most commonly used treatments:
- Surgery: Often used in early stages to remove the tumour or affected tissue. In some cases, partial vaginectomy is sufficient while others require the total procedure.
- Radiation therapy: In it, cancer cells are killed by hitting them with high-energy rays. It’s frequently recommended after surgery or when surgery isn’t suitable.
- Chemotherapy: Drug-based treatment to destroy cancer cells, often used if the cancer has spread or returned.
- Targeted therapy: Focuses on specific cancer cell behaviours, causing less harm to surrounding healthy tissue.
Every patient’s journey is different. That’s why it’s essential to consult the best gynaecologist in Delhi NCR for a tailored treatment plan. They work closely with oncologists to deliver both medical and emotional support throughout recovery.
What You Should Know About Vaginal Cancer Survival Rate
Hearing the word "cancer" can be overwhelming, but knowing the numbers brings a clearer perspective. The vaginal cancer survival rate depends on several factors, especially how early the cancer is detected.
Here’s what typically influences survival:
- Stage at diagnosis – Early-stage cancers have a much higher survival rate.
- Type and size of tumour
- Age and general health of the patient
- Response to treatment
On average, the five-year vaginal cancer survival rate is around 50–70% for early-stage cases. With regular screenings and timely action, many women go on to lead healthy lives after treatment. Staying informed and proactive truly makes a difference.
When to See a Gynaecologist
Many women hesitate to talk about intimate health issues, but early attention can save lives. If you notice any unusual discharge or pain, or suspect a vaginal cancer lump, don’t delay a check-up.
You may need to visit a specialist if:
- Irregular or post-menopausal bleeding
- Pain or discomfort during intercourse
- Persistent pelvic pain or pressure
- Abnormal vaginal discharge
- Feeling or seeing a lump or growth
