Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a common virus that can lead to several types of cancers, most notably cervical cancer. In India, cervical cancer is a significant public health issue, with over 100,000 new cases diagnosed annually. The HPV vaccine has emerged as a powerful tool in preventing this disease, yet awareness and uptake remain low. This blog on the HPV vaccine aims to shed light on HPV, the benefits of HPV vaccines, and the need for greater awareness and access to HPV vaccines in India.
HPV Vaccine and Its Risks
HPV is a group of more than 200 related viruses, of which around 14 types are considered high-risk for cancer. Cervical cancer is primarily caused by persistent infection with high-risk HPV types, particularly HPV 16 and 18. Other cancers associated with HPV include anal, oropharyngeal, vulvar, vaginal, and penile cancers.
In India, factors such as limited screening programs, lack of awareness, and social stigmas surrounding reproductive health contribute to the high incidence of cervical cancer. The World Health Organization (WHO) has set a target to eliminate cervical cancer as a public health problem, emphasizing vaccination as a key strategy. At Sarvodaya Hospital, Faridabad we have run several programs to raise awareness for HPV in schools, societies and rural areas, emphasising the urgent need for HPV vaccines for younger girls and women.
A Preventative Measure of the HPV Vaccine
The HPV vaccine protects against the types of HPV most commonly associated with cervical cancer. In India, three vaccines are currently available:
- Gardasil: In addition to HPV 16 and 18, Gardasil also provides protection against HPV types 6 and 11, which are responsible for genital warts.
- Gardasil 9: This is an expanded version of Gardasil that covers nine HPV types (6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58), providing broader protection against HPV-related diseases.
- Cervavac: This is a “ made in India” vaccine, similar to the Gardasil vaccine and is effective HPV types 6,11, 16 and 18.
Vaccination Schedules
- The Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) has recommended vaccination schedules for these HPV vaccines:
- For ages 9-14: Two doses are given 6 months apart.
- For ages 15 and older: Three doses are administered at 0, 2, and 6 months.
- For the Gardasil and Gardasil 9 vaccines, catch-up vaccine can be offered till the age of 45 years also, especially in a high-risk population.
Who Should Receive the HPV Vaccine?
The most common question we get asked is who should receive the HPV Vaccine. The HPV vaccine is recommended for:
- Girls and Young Women: The primary target group is girls aged 9 to 26 years, as vaccinating before sexual activity maximizes effectiveness.
- Catch-Up Vaccination: Women aged 26 to 45 who have not been vaccinated should also receive the vaccine.
- Boys: Vaccination for boys is increasingly recommended to help reduce the overall transmission of HPV and protect against related cancers.
Current Status of HPV Vaccination in India
Despite the clear benefits of the HPV vaccine, its uptake in India has been slow. Various factors contribute to this, including:
- Awareness and Education: Many people are still unaware of the link between HPV and cervical cancer. Educational initiatives are necessary to inform communities about the importance of the vaccine.
- Cost and Accessibility: The vaccine can be expensive, and in many rural areas, access to healthcare services is limited. Government initiatives and partnerships with NGOs are crucial in making the vaccine more accessible.
- Cultural Stigmas: Discussions around sexual health and vaccination for sexually transmitted infections can be taboo in many communities. Engaging local leaders and health advocates can help to normalize these conversations.
Misconceptions and Myths
Many misconceptions surround the HPV vaccine that can deter women from getting vaccinated.
Some believe that the vaccine is only necessary for those who are sexually active, but it is most effective when given before the onset of sexual activity.
Others fear that the vaccine may encourage promiscuity, despite research showing no link between vaccination and increased sexual behaviour.
Additionally, some think that HPV only affects women, overlooking the fact that men can also benefit from vaccination to reduce their risk of HPV-related cancers.
Addressing these misconceptions is crucial for increasing awareness and encouraging more women and men to protect themselves through vaccination.
Why should I take this vaccine?
As a woman, getting the HPV vaccine is one of the most effective ways to protect yourself from cervical cancer and other HPV-related diseases. The vaccine can prevent infections from the most harmful strains of HPV that cause cancer, giving you peace of mind about your health. It’s especially important to receive the vaccine before becoming sexually active, as it provides the best protection. By choosing to get vaccinated, you are taking an important step in safeguarding your future and empowering yourself to lead a healthier life. Ensure you, your daughters and girls in your family are protected against this cancer.
Vaccination against HPV is not just a personal choice; it’s a powerful step toward a future free from cervical cancer and a healthier tomorrow for all women. Sarvodaya Hospital encourages women and men to talk more about HPV, and the importance of vaccines and get themselves or their children vaccinated against the cancerous virus.
The Department for Gynaecology and Obstetrics along with Sarvodaya Cancer Institute stands at the forefront of raising awareness and educating people about preventing cancers. With vaccination, you are protecting yourself and your future generations from the risk of developing cervical and other cancers. To know more about the HPV vaccine or to get yourself vaccinated, connect with us at 18003131414 or book your appointment.
